Analysis of Holy Sonnet XIV Essay - 1496 Words

Analysis of Holy Sonnet XIV Throughout history, many people have endeavoured to convey their interpretations, or experiences, of the relationship between God and mankind. Many interpretations are positive - Psalm 139 of the Bible, for example, portrays the relationship between man and God as a personal and intimate one - yet just as many are decidedly negative. One such interpretation is Holy Sonnet XIV, an intensely personal poem by John Donne which explores the feelings of a man torn between physical desire and spiritual longing. In this essay I aim to study the poem in more depth, analysing what Donne says and how he says it. Holy Sonnet XIV was written at a time of crisis and confusion in†¦show more content†¦The next line expresses Donnes belief that God has not been trying hard enough - he tells God that you as yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend. The word breathe is much softer than the batter in the previous line, and this softness serves to emphasise Donnes belief that God is not doing enough to reform him. Donnes longing for spiritual fulfilment and his desire to break free from his current self is emphasised in the next line, where she speaks of his intentions to rise and stand. These words also carry with them the connotation that Donne is spiritually lost, and wants God to help him break free from his current state; rise above the waste. Donne even goes so far as to command God to destroy the person he has become and reform him, with the words oerthrow me, the use of the word me again emphasising the intensely personal nature of the poem. This theme of reformation is carried onto the next line, where Donne tells God to break, blow, burn and make me new. Alliteration of the letter b emphasises the brutality of the actions which Donne commands God to take. Furthermore, the phrase make me new reaffirms the fact that Donne wants God to completely reform him. The next line of the poem sees the beginning of an extended, military-themed metaphor. Donne comparesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Donne s Holy Sonnet Xiv1976 Words   |  8 Pages In Holy Sonnet XIV, John Donne directly addresses God using a desperate and forceful tone. The formal structure of Donne s holy sonnet follows the basic Petrarchan sonnet form. The sonnet has fourteen lines divided into an octave and a sestet. The rhyme scheme of the octave is abba abba. The sestet has the rhyme scheme cdcdee. Donne expresses his spiritual turmoil and longing by using this structure to present different metaphors that illustrate his condition, and he uses Petrarchan conventionsRead More Biography of John Donne Essay3729 Words   |  15 PagesSpain in 1596. When he returned he received a job as the private secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton, which was entitled, â€Å"Keeper of the Great Seal† (Ross 1). During this time period Donne wrote two of his major works, the Satires and the Songs and Sonnets. It was also during this time that he met Anne More, the sixteen-year-old niece to Sir Thomas Egerton. In 1601 they married, despite the disapproval of her family. Her father had Donne put in jail for a small amount of time for illegally wedding aRead More Male Masochism in the Religious Lyrics of Donne and Crashaw Essay3473 Words   |  14 PagesRichard Rambusss Pleasure and Devotion: The Body of Jesus and Seventeenth-Century Religious Lyric, in which he opens up possibilities for reading eroticism (especially homoeroticism) in early modern representations of Christs body. In this analysis, Rambuss opposes Caroline Walker Bynum who, in response to Leo Steinbergs The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art, claims that depictions of Christs genitalia (the focus of Steinbergs work) can only be regarded as erotic from a modern standpoint

The Different Types of Cloning Techniques

Cloning refers to the development of offspring that are genetically identical to their parent. Animals which reproduce asexually are examples of clones that are produced naturally. Thanks to advances in genetics, however, cloning can also occur artificially by using certain cloning techniques. Cloning techniques are laboratory processes used to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the donor parent. Clones of adult animals are created by the processes of artificial twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. There are two variations of the somatic cell nuclear transfer method. They are the Roslin Technique and the Honolulu Technique. It is important to note that in all of these techniques the resulting offspring will be genetically identical to the donor and not the surrogate unless the donated nucleus is taken from a somatic cell of the surrogate. Cloning Techniques Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer The term somatic cell nuclear transfer refers to the transfer of the nucleus from a somatic cell to an egg cell. A somatic cell is any cell of the body other than a germ cell (sex cell). An example of a somatic cell would be a blood cell, heart cell, skin cell, etc. In this process, the nucleus of a somatic cell is removed and inserted into an unfertilized egg that has had its nucleus removed. The egg with its donated nucleus is then nurtured and divides until it becomes an embryo. The embryo is then placed inside a surrogate mother and develops inside the surrogate. The Roslin Technique The Roslin Technique is a variation of somatic cell nuclear transfer that was developed by researchers at the Roslin Institute. The researchers used this method to create Dolly. In this process, somatic cells (with nuclei intact) are allowed to grow and divide and are then deprived of nutrients to induce the cells into a suspended or dormant stage. An egg cell that has had its nucleus removed is then placed in close proximity to a somatic cell and both cells are shocked with an electrical pulse. The cells fuse and the egg is allowed to develop into an embryo. The embryo is then implanted into a surrogate. The Honolulu Technique The Honolulu Technique was developed by Dr. Teruhiko Wakayama at the University of Hawaii. In this method, the nucleus from a somatic cell is removed and injected into an egg that has had its nucleus removed. The egg is bathed in a chemical solution and cultured. The developing embryo is then implanted into a surrogate and allowed to develop. Artificial Twinning While the previously mentioned techniques involve somatic cell nuclear transfer, artificial twinning does not. Artificial twinning involves fertilization of a female gamete (egg) and separation of resulting embryonic cells in the early stages of development. Each separated cell continues to grow and can be implanted into a surrogate. These developing embryos mature, eventually forming separate individuals. All of these individuals are genetically identical, as they were originally separated from a single embryo. This process is similar to what happens in the development of natural identical twins. Why Use Cloning Techniques? Researchers hope that these techniques can be used in researching and treating human diseases and genetically altering animals for the production of human proteins and transplant organs. Another potential application includes the production of animals with favorable traits for use in agriculture.

Learning the Lingo in Law Schools

The Great Gatsby- Color Symbolism - 2136 Words

The Power of Color Colors are used many different ways by many different people, but are used mainly as a reflection of the way one feels or his or her own personality. This idea is depicted through the different characters created in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, set in the post-World War I era. The novel evinces the major themes through the use and explanation of many diverse colors. Jay Gatsby, the most significant character in the story, leads a very materialistic lifestyle. Hoping to gain back his old love, Daisy, Gatsby uses his money to impress her, hopefully leading to their settling down together. Daisys second cousin once removed, Nick Carraway, is the link that helps to connect Gatsby and Daisy. Nick deliberately†¦show more content†¦Caught in the romantic atmosphere of the night, Nick puts [his] arm around Jordans golden shoulder (Fitzgerald 79). Both description serve to symbolize the fact that she is happy and quite valuable, as of now, to Nick. While gold and silver are two valuable colors to the characters, gray symbolizes the corruption behind the money. One depressing color that is quite significant to the story happens to be the very dull gray. Gray represents the neutral, dull and corrupt society that resides in America. It is seen, through some of the structures, that corruption has made a big impact on everyone surrounding them. One such structure, that is only mentioned briefly, is the villages in France. When Nick first meets and talks to Gatsby, they bring up how both men look familiar to one another. Ironically, they both took part in some section of World War I, Gatsby, in the ninth machine-gun battalion, and Nick, in the Seventh Infantry (Fitzgerald 47). During the quick recapitulation of the war, [they] talked for a moment about some wet, gray little villages in France (Fitzgerald 47). These villages represent the corruption and destruction that the war has brought to the people and society of France. Another gray structure is the windows at Gatsby house. Even though Gatsby is a man of money and success, the gray windows on his home signify that this happiness is just a facade, and that in reality, there is much fraudulence hidden within GatsbyShow MoreRelatedColor Symbolism In The Great Gatsby802 Words   |  4 Pages In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, color symbolism is stronger throughout the entire book. There are multiple colors that allow the book to come together as a whole. There can be many different interpretations or opinions on which colors are important. The color symbolism in The Great Gatsby is represented by the colors green, gold, and black. Green is the color that begins the story. A man not known in the beginning, but surely known at end by the name of Jay Gatsby, reaching out to an â€Å"incorruptibleRead MoreGreat Gatsby Color Symbolism2467 Words   |  10 Pagesdisguise themselves through the identities of someone else. In the novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the main characters can be seen â€Å"hiding† behind the symbolism of different colors. Color affects the mood, emphasizes the importance of events in a novel, and can also interact with the personalities of the characters. The concept of color symbolism is prominent in the novel. White, yellow, blue, green, and even the color black affect the atmosphere of scenes through association with a specificRead MoreColor Symbolism In The Great Gatsby737 Words   |  3 PagesColor express mood and stresses importance of events in a novel. In the Great Gatsby, the symbolism of color is a crucial one. Yellow, white, and green all affect the mood of this novel. Showing how the colors describe the person or thing both physically, and emotionally. The color white was first introduced when Nick meets Tom, and they both walk into this open room where Jordan and Daisy laid in white dresses. â€Å"They were both in white†¦ around the house†(8). The color white in connected to theRead MoreEssay On Color Symbolism In The Great Gatsby1048 Words   |  5 Pages Euphrates Sackey 9-21-17 English 1011 Z83 Professor Brosh Response to Driving to Destruction with the Rich and Careless at the Wheel Color-Symbolism in The Great Gatsby There is no understanding The Great Gatsby if you do not have at least a basic grasp of the main motifs that are present. Automobiles and colors are two main driving factors in F. Scott Fitzgeralds work and these two ideas work together as well. Many readers are so wowed by the vivid imagery included in this classic thatRead MoreGreat Gatsby Color Symbolism Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesIn Fitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, color symbolism is used throughout the entire book. There are many different colors that allow the book to come together as a whole. Although various, there are key colors that stand out in the book. There can be many different interpretations or opinions on which colors, but it can be represented by three key colors. The color symbolism in â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is represented by the colors green, gold, and black. The color green is the color that begins the storyRead MoreEssay On Color Symbolism In The Great Gatsby994 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters and their stories. As a result, everything from the start to finish is set for a reason. A great example of this is Great Gatsby. F.Scott Fitzgerald named his characters to create subtle imagery to describe their personality and status. The name and color symbolism techniques he uses allow the audience to pick up and realize some hints to author’s message as they read. In Great Gatsby, there is only two types of women: the wealthy, upper-class East Egg and the lower-class Myrtle fromRead MoreGreat Gatsby Color Imagery Symbolism Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesColor imagery in The Great Gatsby is vital to the books storyline. If there was no color imagery then the reader could not associate a certain person or thing with a color or idea. Fitzgerald uses the color so people can remember the person more than just their name. The use of color imagery greatly impacts the story line. One of the main colors in The Great Gatsby is white. White represents the innocence and purity in the book. Daisy and Jordan are first introduced wearing white. It makes you thinkRead MoreGreat Gatsby Color Symbolism Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesColors can be symbolic of infinite various things. Artists take this truth into attention while selecting the colors they use in their paintings; as these colors are used to generate emotions inside their target market. Identical to an artist, F. Scott Fitzgerald makes use of light and color in his masterpiece to create float and harmony. There is, however, an additional, extensive motive for his use of light and coloration symbolism. Fitzgerald uses lights and hues to focus on the critical battleRead MoreColors and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1290 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism is the use of symbols to supply things with a representative meaning or to represent something abstract by an existing object. In the nove l The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, colours are used to symbolize a person’s inner thoughts and feelings. Colours, such as green, white are used to find ones true feelings; while others use colours to hide their true persona. Colour symbolism is used to convey a deeper message to the readers and help us understand the characters true colours. Read More Color Symbolism in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay example2801 Words   |  12 PagesColors are an essential part of the world around us. They can convey messages, expressing that which words do not. Gentle blue tones can calm a person and bright yellows can lift the spirits. If an artist is trying to express sorrow or death he often uses blacks blues, and grays basically he uses dreary colors. Without one word, a driver approaching a red traffic light knows to stop. Colors are representative of many things. In his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses color symbolism

What You Dont Know About One Page Essay Samples May Surprise You

What You Don't Know About One Page Essay Samples May Surprise You Trying to find affordable customized essays, you can come across some totally free samples readily available online. Don't neglect to use an extensive dictionary and respective lexical tools, which can help you to enrich the topic. There are a lot of templates and internet tools available which make organizing the details really simple and a fast approach. If you don't have a fantastic template or outline structure, there are lots of good selections available all around the web, so look there! The very first difficulty linked to the 1 page essay writing is that you're going to be limited with just 1 page and it is going to be your main challenge. 1 page resumes work very nicely with recruiters who're made to read through many resumes daily. Then choose the total topic you need to write about. After the first couple of weeks of the semester, you're expected to produce your own writing topics. Now things star ted to get really intriguing. Outline the key points of your topic being careful to not select points you may have a tough time explaining in just a few sentences. When it is still over one-page long, you can want to contemplate whether you're attempting to cram in too many points. You may use it like a starting point at no cost. What One Page Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not The narrative essay, since the name indicates, is a style of sharing your own personal experience. Write an anecdote, a quote, an intriguing fact or a story from your private life to illustrate what you are likely to write about later on. The option of topic on which you're likely to narrate is quite important. On the flip side, there isn't anything wrong with getting assistance from a very good consultant on the right outline format. Who Else Wants to Learn About One Page Essay Samples? When you are finished with the writing, you ought to take due cares in revising it also. Short essays are oft en a single part of a bigger assignment comprising several distinct tasks. In most instances the writers utilize a great blend of all of the above-mentioned styles while composing a biography essay. The debut of each written work ought to have a very clear thesis statement or argument. You may also acquire different discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. It's very valuable to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. 1 page resume formats are in the vogue and so underline the value of keeping resumes short and easy. A noteworthy quality of our products is that we've developed a multi-level plagiarism check. The Little-Known Secrets to One Page Essay Samples Essay writing is just one of the most often encountered assignments students should perform. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. At our cheap essay writing service we're positive that students ought to be concise in their choice and our task is simply to demonstrate our advantages and limitations honestly. The Basics of One Page Essay Samples It is very important to realize that there are too many job seekers in comparison to the variety of recruiters. With its aid, you will handle the task much quicker and won't waste plenty of time on understanding what things to write about. In the event the topic isn't given, such examples permit students to comprehend what the modern-day academic world is interested in and how to stick out from the rest. Thus it is rather obvious that while hiring someone, a great deal of resumes need to be considered by the recruiters, which makes it quite a hectic endeavor in their opinion. Page Essay Samples Options There's several essays completed by them. It is very important to know that short essays do NO T comply with the normal academic essay format (they don't have an introduction and conclusion). All essays have to be written withproper formating. If you wish to succeed and know how to write a scholarship essay, it's also advisable to become familiarized with the most frequently made mistakes. A self-introduction essay outline can be simple to write, since all you need to do is to introduce yourself. To structure an essay, you must simply stick to the aforementioned format. It's also wise to go through the essay template to learn more on the subject of essay structure ones your outline is completed. An essay template makes it possible to define the aim of your essay and keep it up.

Big Data Analytics for Agricultural Analytics-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Big Data Anaytics Method for Agricultural Analytics. Answer: Introduction Big Data analytics is the procedure of evaluating varied and huge sets of data, which is known as big data and is utilized to unveil concealed patterns, preferences of various customers, market trends, unknown correlations and other beneficial information. This Big Data Analytics help the organizations and the companies to make informative and important decisions of the business (Nabrzyski 2014). This is useful in many analytics such as Supply Chain Management, Operations Management, Sports Analytics, Agricultural Analytics, Fraud Detection in Banking Sector, Sentiment Analysis. This report outlines the Big Data Analytics for Agricultural Analytics. Business Intelligence or BI technologies provide historical, current and predictive views of business operations based on the analysis, extraction and collection of business data to improve decisions (Srinivasa and Bhatnagar 2012). The report covers a brief introduction on Agricultural Analytics, consumer centric product design and a recommendation system. Discussion Consumer Centric Product Design Consumer centric product is an artifact or commodity that is made by a certain organization or company for its consumers. Specific or distinct product designer of that particular organization designs this product (Woodard 2016). A product is a service or good that almost meticulously fulfills the necessities of a particular market and generates sufficient profit to rationalize its pursuing existence. A consumer centric product is a commercially dispersed good, which is the result or output of a production, fabrication or manufacturing process and passes through a distribution channel before being utilized or consumed. This type products are tangible products and can be perceived. These products are designed or made for the sake of consumers of that organization (Srinivasa and Bhatnagar 2012). Consumer centric product design in agriculture means the products that are designed for the consumers or the customers of the agricultural industry. The farmers are benefitted through this proce ss. Consumer centric product for agriculture is the Electronic Farm Records or EFR, which includes and involves the data and maps regarding the various and several data such as content of moisture in air, air pressure, and precipitation, temperature of soil, electrical conductivity, pH level and nutrient contents. All the information are needed for the agricultural field for farming (Bennett 2015). Along with the above mentioned information, all possible types of information like social media posts, tweets, blogs, articles, news feeds, insurance and yield related information and past cultivation records. Big Data This is the world of Big Data. Big data deals with the analysis, storage and collection of data for understanding the data that not known earlier. Big Data Analytics in agriculture involves the understanding of the precipitation maps, crop records, profits of the farmers, diagnosis reports with the constant analysis of streams of data about the specific agricultural area at every specific point of time (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012).Big Data in agriculture and farming refers to the Electronic Farm Records or EFR. Big Data can store all these information easily in the Electronic Farm Records. The scientists of Big Data are trying to make it easy for the farmers in the agricultural fields (Kumar et al. 2017). Using the Big Data, the farmers can easily understand trends patterns, find out the associations and various processes to increase the productivity of the crops and their profit, improve the agricultural systems, and utilize proper diagnosis methods to mitigate or reduce the cost involved. Recommendation System Major sources of these data analytics of agriculture are the annual recreation of data in relational data base management system or RDBMS by which the previously processed reports are constructed or produced (Kumar et al. 2017). There should be an on spot analysis of data. This will help the agricultural data to be understood easily. The verification of these agricultural data are to be done in real time. The agricultural and farming systems need to evolve and innovate continuously to provide better services (Kambatla et al. 2015). Multiple types of sensors can be utilized in the association with a GPS (Global Positioning System) to generate various field maps of areas with particular soil properties.Precision agriculture can be performed by the information gained by analysis of big data. This will be a jor help for the farmers. Some of the examples are as follows: Decisive use of irrigation can be achieved by identifying soil moisture using very high resolution geographical mapsVital value that plays an important part in the production decision making can be signaled in real time by evaluation of absorbed data from various systems or sensors (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). Using intricate images of pest damages in field, rigorous targeting and control measures can also be taken. These big data applications can be modified, enhanced, tested rapidly and made feasible and will change the face of research and delivery in the sector of agriculture (Bennett 2015). Even though these analytics in big data provide better agricultural services it still has to overcome challenges like incompleteness of scale, privacy, data, timelines, and human collaboration and heterogeneity. The future research is on methods to get through the obstacles and use analytics of Big Data in farming and agriculture to unveil proficiency from data that is raw and unstructured (Shukla, Radadiya and Atkotiya 2015). The recommended systems for implementing Big Data in agricultural analytics are as follows: Hadoop: It is an open source software framework that are used for running applications and storing data on clusters of commodity hardware. It gives huge storage for enormous processing power, any sort of data, and the ability to handle virtually limitless concurrent jobs or tasks. Map Reduce System: It is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, Big Data is essential in modern world. Big data is the term used for data sets so huge and complicated that it becomes hard to process using traditional data management tools or processing applications. As with many other sectors the amount of agriculture data are increasing on a daily source. Big data is an increasingly important concern in modern agriculture. The use of electronic and smart technologies, now make it possible to collect vast amount of digital information about agriculture factors. The above report contains the consumer centric product design and two recommended systems of Big Data for agricultural analytics References Srinivasa, S. and Bhatnagar, V., 2012. Big data analytics. InProceedings of the First International Conference on Big Data Analytics BDA(pp. 24-26). Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4). Kambatla, K., Kollias, G., Kumar, V. and Grama, A., 2014. Trends in big data analytics.Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,74(7), pp.2561-2573. Kumar, T.V., JNU, D., Rana, P.S., Sinha, M.S., Tagra, H., Misra, M.B., Goyal, V., Singh, M.P., Kaur, S. and DU, D., 2017. Big Data Analytics. Woodard, J., 2016. Big data and Ag-Analytics: An open source, open data platform for agricultural environmental finance, insurance, and risk.Agricultural Finance Review,76(1), pp.15-26. Nabrzyski, J., Liu, C., Vardeman, C., Gesing, S. and Budhatoki, M., 2014, June. Agriculture data for all-integrated tools for agriculture data integration, analytics, and sharing. InBig Data (BigData Congress), 2014 IEEE International Congress on(pp. 774-775). IEEE. Bennett, J.M., 2015. Agricultural Big Data: utilisation to discover the unknown and instigate practice change.Farm Policy Journal,12(1), pp.43-50. Shukla, P., Radadiya, B. and Atokotiya, K., 2015. An Emerging Trend of Big data for High Volume and Varieties of Data to Search of Agricultural Data.ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, ISSN, pp.0974-6471.

Lingua Franca free essay sample

Lingua Franca is a pidgin, a trade language used by numerous language communities around the Mediterranean, to communicate with others whose language they did not speak. It is, in fact, the mother of all pidgins, seemingly in use since the Middle Ages and surviving until the nineteenth century, when it disappeared with hardly a trace, probably under the onslaught of the triumphant French language, leaving only a few anecdotal quotations in the writings of travelers or observers, an imperfect French/Lingua Franca vocabulary (1830) meant for settlers in the newly annexed territory of Algeria, and some other rather strange detritus. A lingua franca (from Italian, literally meaning Frankish language) is a language systematically used to communicate between persons not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both persons mother tongues. Lingua franca is a functionally defined term, independent of the linguistic history or structure of the language: Though pidgins and creoles often function as lingua francas, many lingua francas are neither pidgins nor creoles. We will write a custom essay sample on Lingua Franca or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lingua franca may also refer to the de facto language within a more or less specialized field. A synonym for lingua franca is â€Å"vehicular language. Whereas a vernacular language is used as a native language in a single speaker community, a vehicular language goes beyond the boundaries of its original community, and is used as a second language for communication between communities. For example, English is a vernacular in England, but is used as a vehicular language (that is, a lingua franca) in the Philippines. References: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lingua_franca In many countries around the world, English is the lingua franca, but in some places, it is a native language; in others, it is a second language or a foreign language. In India, the Philippines and Singapore, English is viewed as second language next to their respective first languages. English will not decline as a first language: Indeed for the foreseeable future it will be among the five major mother tongues of the world. Spread out worldwide, it may even change and ultimately split into a family of languages. But it would go against the pattern of world history if alien peoples patronized English for very much longer than necessary. Chinese, Hindi, Spanish and Portuguesepossibly also Russian, Malay, Persian and Arabichave the potential to increase within their vast regions, and perhaps even globally. The aspirations of some of these languages are already visible, if far from realization. China is a third of the way into its program to establish 100 Confucius Institutes around the world to popularize learning Chinese. They are now present in 23 countries, part of plans to have 100 million people studying Chinese worldwide by 2010. How lingua franca is developed? Hundreds of years ago, when the world was being traversed by sailors from dozens of nations, and each vessel was manned by any number of nationalities, new languages called lingua franca began to emerge. These languages were often a blend of Portuguese, English, French, Mandarin and local languages, and allowed for communication and trade between the polyglot merchants both on board and on the mainland. Several examples of it exist today the pidgin of Papua New Guinea is one example. Worldwide lingua franca Malay Country :Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia In the 14th century, during the Malacca Sultanate, Malay was used as a lingua franca in the Malay archipelago, by the locals as much as by the traders and artisans that stopped at Malacca via the Straits of Malacca. Nowadays, Malay is used mostly in Malaysia (officially called Bahasa Malaysia) and Brunei, and to a lesser extent in Singapore. One of Singapores four official languages, the Malay creole language Baba Malay was the lingua franca in Singapore prior to the introduction of English as a working and instructional language, and remains so for the elder generation. However, Indonesian, a standardized variety of Malay, serves as a lingua franca throughout Indonesia and East Timor. While Indonesia counts several hundred different languages, Indonesian, the official language of Indonesia, is their vehicular language. Chinese – Country : China / Taiwan Classical Chinese previously served as both a written lingua franca and diplomatic language in Far East Asia, used by mainland China, Mongolia, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, the Ryukyus, and Vietnam in interstate communications. In the early 20th century Classical Chinese in China was replaced by modern written Standard Chinese. Currently, among most Chinese-speaking communities, Standard Mandarin serves the function of providing a common spoken language between speakers of different and mutually unintelligible Chinese spoken languages—not to mention between the Han Chinese and other ethnic groups in China. Written Chinese has also been used as a way of communication through these character-using countries. However, specific regions in China also possess their individual lingua franca, such as Standard Cantonese in Guangdong province, Hong Kong, Macau, as well as traditionally the ethnic Chinese populations residing in Singapore and Malaysia. English – Country : United Kingdom , United States of America English is the dominant language of the United Kingdom, and therefore, as the UK became a colonial power, English served and, to some extent, continues to serve as the lingua franca of Ireland, former colonies of the British Empire (including Australia, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, the United States, and Vanuatu), present British territories (like Bermuda, Falkland Islands, and Saint Helena), former British territories (such as Hong Kong), U. S. territories (like Guam, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico), Virgin Islands (both British and American), and the Philippines. In many of these nations the use of English is seen as a means of avoiding the political difficulties inherent in promoting any individual indigenous language as the lingua franca. 2. Section on whether language used in coffee shops are lingua of some sort, if not state whether they are pidgins or creoles. In Malaysia places such as coffee shops, fish markets and taxi stands, the language being used are recognize as Manglish which is English-based pidgin of Malaysia. Malaysian Colloquial English which is famously known as Manglish or Street English, a portmanteau of the word Malay and English should not be confused to Malaysia English which is formally known as Malaysian Standard English (MySE), is a form of English used and spoken in Malaysia as a second language. Manglish has become part of Malaysian culture and heritage. Manglish has become something we can be proud of. Why try to hide it? It’s part of our cultural heritage. And it’s something that all Malaysians can participate in, no matter which ethnicity.